Takt Time in Service Operations

Interested in a free 25+ eBook on the 7 Wastes? Please DOWNLOAD HERE.

Takt Time is the maximum allowable time in order to meet demand; Takt Time is the pace by which product is produced and must fall within the Takt Time or set equal to the Takt time; if not, then there will be customer demand that might go unfulfilled.  In this post, I’ll provide an example of how Takt Time can be used in a service-type operation and elaborate on how else it might be used outside of manufacturing.

Takt Time is defined as the following:

Takt Time = (Net Available Production Time / Required Output Rate)

In service operations, we often deal with intangibles — not pieces, necessarily, but non-hard-good items, such as patents that need to be reviewed, items in an inbox, applications that need to be approved or denied, or calls that come into a helpdesk.  Another such example that we’ll examine is the dreaded Tax Return.  Before online tax preparation, the paper Tax Return process probably looked like this:

Suppose the process above required that 150 Tax Returns are processes per 8 hour day.  Given the data above and the customer demand, we can calculate the Takt Time like the following:

Takt Time = [(8 hours * 60 minutes) / (150 Tax Returns)]

Takt Time = 3.2 Minutes

In other words, to complete the Tax review process in accordance with the customer demand of 150 applications per 8 hour day, at most that a tax reviewer can review a single Tax Return is 3.2 minutes.  When the reviewer exceeds the Takt Time, then the 150 application goal could be at risk.

Number of Workstations

Typical service operations have lines that mimick production lines.  Each line might consists of people with a computer and other necessary tools to do work.  We can consider these as “workstations.”  Given the Takt Time above, we can also determine what the theoretical number of workstations a single line might need in order to complete 150 applications per 8 hour day:

In other words, we take the sum of the cycle times of each step and divide that by the Takt time.  In this case, we get an answer of the following:

(8.3 minutes / 3.2 minutes) = 2.59 or 3 workstations per line

In other words, we would need at least 3 workstations in order to satisfy the demand of 150 applications per 8 hour day.  This simple calculation alone can help with staff planning and productivity planning.  Indeed, simple calculations can have powerful impact on the firm.

Idle Time

Not every workstation produces at capacity — that is, there will be times when workstations aren’t working.  For services, this might mean a computer is down, a worker takes breaks, etc.  To account for these times, we have a metric that we call Idle Time:

In other words, we take process above and form precedence relationships first.  Let’s assume the following:

The table above simply shows the steps and precedence relationships that the process map above does not show.  Given the table, we can determine which steps go to which workstations and calculate the longest cycle time:

So, we get 3 minutes as the longest eligible task.  And, we break down the steps by workstations, giving us 4 workstations.  Now, we can identify the Idle Time:

Idle Time = (4 * 3 minutes) – 8.3 minutes

Idle Time = 3.7 minutes

An Idle Time of 3.7 minutes is neither good nor bad, but is just fact given the current state of the system.  To improve Takt Time, we would want to reduce Idle Time as well as some other things.

Improving Takt Time

We don’t really improve Takt Time, per se.  We can reduce the Cycle Time and the content of the work involved in that Cycle, such as reducing or eliminating waste and non-value added steps, thereby influencing the Takt Time, or overall beat of the line.  Specifically, we can do the following:

• Reduce Variation
• Reduce Idle Time
• Reduce set-up time
• Reduce or eliminate waste
• Better manage constraints

Other Applications

There are many non-manufacturing applications of Takt Time and Theoretical Number of Workstations.  Below are some examples:

• Loan applications
• Patent filings
• Prescription Drug fulfillment at pharmacy
• Bidding process
• Phone Calls or emails into a HelpDesk system
• Chat Instant Messaging into a HelpChat system
• etc…

Takt Time and Theoretical Number of Workstations and Idle Time can be applied to almost any process.  They are simple and helpful calculations that can help a firm delight the customer by providing timely and predictable service.

search terms for this article:

takt time, Tack time, what is takt time, how to calculate cycle time operations management, service operations, precedence table, tact time, takt time examples, tak time, tac time, takt time calculation, takt time in service operations, TAKT TIME IN SERVICE, returns process, takt time lean, Return process, helpdesk process, takt time software, what is tact time, takt time formulas, takt time in healthcare, tackt time, idle time in production management, takt time service, how to calculate takt time lean manufacturing, takt time formula, lean manufacturing takt time, takt time calculation example, takt time chart, takt time reduction, lean tavle, takt time in services, takt time health care, takt time in a call center, emergency department takt time, how to calculate idle time for production, takt time in software development, takt time for service, number of operators needed, no of work station to be calculate, preparation of paper, lean tact, tact time chart, lean operations chart for customer service, improving takt time, TAKT TIME applications, takt time at all work stations, takt time board, process tack time, takt time calculation formula, how to decrease takt time, how to calculate work stations, how to calculate the idle time in the callcenter, service waiting time equation, cycle time operations management, calculate number of work stations, takttime, calculating takt time, TIME IN SERVICE, what is the tack time, costing labor calculation cycle time number of operators, takt time vs cycle time chart, calculate work stations, cycle time calculation example, cycle time in service, what is takt time used for, tac times manufacturing, tact time for the final process is, what is the difference between cycle time and tach time, when should you reduce takt time of the operation, tact time calculation example, what is the scope of improving takt time?, tack time lean office, tact lean services, tact in operation management, what is the theoretical minimum number of workstations, what istakt time and the formula for takt time?, what is takt time operations management, tact time formula, takt time and precedence example, takt time and customer, what is tack time equation, takt time and call center, takt time and building to order, takt time and labor analysis, what is takt time equal to, takt service, takt operations, takt operation, takt chart paper, takt board in call center, takt 4 4, takat time, tak time reduction, tact time management, takt time and queueing, tac time in manufacturing, service desk and waiting time analysis, workstations why is it needed, return process cycle time

Related Articles: